Heat oil in a large pan or wok over medium-high heat.
Add minced garlic, ginger, and sliced onion. Sauté for 2-3 minutes until fragrant and onion begins to soften.
Add chicken pieces to the pan and cook for 5-6 minutes until browned on all sides.
Stir in Thai red curry paste and cook for 1-2 minutes until aromatic.
Pour in coconut milk and chicken broth, then add kaffir lime leaves.
Bring to a gentle simmer and cook for 10-15 minutes until chicken is cooked through and tender.
Stir in mango puree and fish sauce, cooking for an additional 5 minutes.
Taste and adjust seasoning as needed.
Remove kaffir lime leaves before serving.
Garnish with fresh cilantro and serve with lime juice on the side if desired.